Pneumatic spinning device



. March 15, 1960 K; GQTZFRIED 2,928,228

PNEUMATIC SPINNING DEVICE Filed Sept. 5, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet l v ylfENTwfi.

BY W1 HTTOBNE? March 15, 1960 K. GOTZFRIED PNEUMATIC SPINNING DEVICE Filed Sept. 5, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 dn'n wan:

, CIgIfENTQR HTTOBNEJ March 15, 1960 Filed Sept. 5, 1957 K. GUTZFRIED PNEUMATIC SPINNING DEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 r Fig.9 F79. /0

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a "bore of the nozzle.

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I A zszazzs Patented Mar. 15,, i260 Figs. 9 and IO'are fragmentary longitudinal'sectihns through particular constructions of spinning tubes.

' 'Inthedrawin'g, a spinningtu'be is "indicated at 1,, a V

'"su'ctioninozzle at 2*and'a suction tube at 3, the saic'l'sujctiontube opening intothe spinning tube 1 at a distance r l "fromthenozzlezand serving forthe supply of the fibres Application Septemher.5,'1957,Serial No..682 ,14 5: V

Claims priority, application Germany Jannary"29, }1'9'57 13 Claims; (Cl. s7-5s.s9

My prior application, identified below, relates to a "pneumatic spinning process, and also to a device for carrying this process into effect, comprising anozzlc closing the .suctioritubeand having a narrow axial discharge "opening for the spun thread, and at least one passagefbr 'the admission of air and opening tangentially intdthe -'axial bore of the nozzle. At the nozzle end, the spin- "ning tube is additionally connected to a tubular-shell "which surrounds the latter and which is connected to a source-oi vacuum. Opening intothe spinning tube is a supply tube through which the fibres are drawn-in by suction and fed tothe spinning tube.

disclosed in United States patent application, Serial'No. 1528,1 16 filed by me on December 13, 1956 and 'is more The presentinvention is concerned with an improve 7 r'nen't' and further development of the spinning; device particularly-concerned with the economic production of an even better thread of high tensile strength, -i.e.- a more js'trongly twisted uniform thread.

' According to the invention, that section of the axial.

bore of'the suction nozzle into which the tangential pas.- 's'age opens is enlarged to form a'twist chamber, the diameter of which is substantially larger than the ariial Due to the arrangement of this twist chamber, a thread balloon of the pneumatically spun thread is produced and thus at the same time a "propellerdike rotation of the ,yarn'with 'an extraordinarily "one passage 20 opening tangentially into the enlarged axial bore 19a. The thread 17 spun in the spinning tube 1 is withdrawn by means of the conveyor rollers .18 inthe direction E, i.e. opposite to the direction F of the axial suction eddy current, and wound on to a, bobbin 21.

Due "to the tangential intake of .air through the passage 20, a strong suction eddy current is produced in the suction nozzle and thereafterin thespinning tube 1, the 'velocity ofsaid current being substantially higher at the "beginningthan at the end 1a of the spinning tube. .As will-be: seen from the drawing, only that portionof the "axial bore 19 into which the tangential passage 20 opens ;is enlarged .to form a twist chamber 19a, the diameter of which is substantially larger than the-axial bore 19rd the nozzle. In the example illustrated, the diameter. of thetwistchamber 19a is at least twice as large as thediameter of the axial bore 19, while the'height of thetwist chamber is smaller than its diameter. Furt'hermore,.t1

- .it enters the spinning tube section 1b.

"strong rotational effect. The result hereby obta'inedis that the thread is withdrawn with comparativeiy'weak -'-thread*tension, but onthe other hand, owing to' the .twist chamber, a very tightly and uniformly. twistedflthread is produced with a correspondingly high tensile strength.

The faster the suction air flows. tangentially' into the twist-chamber, the stronger will be the rotational force therein. ln order to producea high inflow velocity, the crossnectionof the'suction duct 'is chosen to be comparativly :small. 'The rotational etiect can advantageously flieffurther substantially improvedby compressed airybeing supplied through the tangential ductof the twist chamber. I r

. Details of the invention are illustrated by wayf'of' example in the drawing and are-hereinafter more fully ex- ,iplained. f

'In the drawing:

. the linesIII-ILaud pneumatic spinning device in ertical -As indicated at 17a, thefp rovision of the twist chamber 19a produces aistrongly emphasised thread balloon "in the chamberandthus exerts an extraordinarily strong twisting action on the thread. Under the influence of the eddy current, "the thread forms a helical thread. bfalloon, so that by applying the fibres to the rotating thread, .the actual thread formation takes place in the spinning in the spinning tubel.

tion nozzle 2. In this constructional form, the tangential and 119a.

,In order to reduce the flow inside the spinning tube .1, radial discharge openings 27 are provided -accordingto'Fig/l,,so that some of the eddy current air,

as indicated by arrows in the drawing, is extracted radial:-

"1y from the stream .of air. 'In this manner, a suction eddy current is produced in the spinning tube 1 and 1b,, the velocity o'f'such current (rotational velocity and also :axial "velocity) being initially substantially larger, ire. several times .largenfthan at the end 1a of the sp innin'g tube. The rotating thread '17 formedin this spin ng tube-from the fibres therefore has applied to it'a twist Fig.7 'is a longitudinal section throughtanotheiidesign lo'fa spinning tube,

Fig; "8 is :a cross-section on the line of which constantly increases from the start of the th aid at 1711', as far as 'thefwithdrawal point 16 softh evenly twisted thread is produced. "Thefibresfen the range of the --r otating threadwraparounfd. the tin sothat there is simultaneously produced. a stretching'oii the fibreslongitudinally of thethread and a sub parallel relationship of the fibres. For initiatin spinning, itismerely necessary for one end ofthethrud- The suction nozzle As indicated in Fig. 6, two or more superimposed twist chambers 19a, 19b and19c can be provided vinthe sue;

, the spinning tube.

According to Fig. 5, a common suction nozzle 31 ca be provided for a plurality of spinning tubes. The fibres 4 supplied to the spinning tube through the suction pipe 3 are drawn in through a suction nozzle 5 disposed at'the end of the supply tube 3. Referring tothe constructional example shown in Fig. 1, a sliver 6 (for example a carded or drawing frame sliver) is provided as initial material, which is drawn through a condenser and is supplied by a delivery roller 8 co-operating with a polished plate 22 to a driven picking roller 9, which co-operates with an endless rubber or like elastic band 12 guided over rollers 10 and 11. By means of this roller 9, the fibres or small fibre tufts are picked or plucked from the sliver 6 and are drawn in through the suction nozzle 5.

Even if in principle a suctional force is used in accordance with the constructional examples previously described for operating the automatic spinning device, it is nevertheless advantageous to support the .suctional force by compressed air being fed to the spinning chamber 19a through the tangential passage 2%. The rotational force acting on the spun thread is thus substantially increased, since this rotational force is stronger in proportion as the air flows more quickly and. tangentially into the twist chamber. The additional supply of compressed air at this point has the further advantage that the pneumatic spinning device can be operated with a comparatively low vacuum and it is possible for thisv the twist chamber of the nozzle, a very high rotational velocityfor producing the twisting action can be produced with a comparatively small quantity of air, but

the axial fiow is comparatively low. As hereinafter more fully explained, this axial flow can also be reduced with various measures shown by reference to Fig. 7.

In this constructional example, the nozzle 29 connected to the tubular shell 28 is situated in a chamber 30, to which compressed air is supplied at 31. This compressed air then flows through a tangentially arranged passage 32 into the twist chamber 33. In order to be able to draw the initial spinning thread into the twist chamber and the spinning tube, a displaceable valve rod 45 is provided by which the inlet opening of the passage 32 can be temporarily throttled. In the constructional example illustrated, this twist chamber 33 is surrounded by an annular chamber 34 into which the passage 32 opens tangentially. An annular space 35 connecting this annular chamber 34 to the twist chamber 33 is provided above the said passage 32. Moreover the twist chamber is advantageously made substantially spherical, so that the annular space 35 according to Fig. 7 opens into the twist chamber 33 while being directed tangentially upwards. This construction according to Fig. 7 has the following advantages:

If in accordance with Fig. 1 or Fig. 4, a stream of assasss compressed air of small cross-section and high velocity is caused to enter directly into the twisting chamber,

7 it has been shown that a single helical jet of air is also If desired, as indicated in formed in the spinning tube. In order to prevent this and to produce a constant rotating air envelope in the twist chamber and also in the spinning tube, the compressed air fiowing through the passage 32 is distributed in accordance with Fig. 7 in the annular chamber 34 and then enters the twist chamber 33 through the annular space 35 uniformly and tangentially over the entire circumference. Due to the tangential inlet 35 and the shaping of the twist chamber, the thread balloon is forced at 36 against the wall of the twist chamber, so that thereby the desired rotational effect on the threads withdrawn at 17 is still further improved. This envelope of air circulating helically in the spinning tube 1, 112 also promotes the constant wrapping of the fibres at a around the rotating length of fibres 170.

For the formation of a uniform thread, it is important that the fibres drawn in at 5 through the tube 3 should enter the spinning tube 1b at the lowest possible speed, and also that only a comparatively low axial flow obtains in this tube. This only slight flow is also desired in order to restrict the thread formation to a comparatively short range at the end of the thread, as illustrated in Fig. 7. For this purpose, the spinning tube 1b comprises a relatively large number of air suction openings 27 directly at and behind the fibre inlet. Moreover, an annular gap can be provided at 37 between the nozzle 29 and the spinning tube 1, so that air can also be drawn as indicated from the spinning tube into the tubular shell 28.

If necessary, the width of this annular gapor slot can be varied by displacement of the spinning tube 1 in the direction of the arrow E.

In order to reduce the speed in the fibre supply tube 3, this is surrounded by a jacket 38 from which the air is drawn through the tube 39. The tube 3 is formed with holes 40 at several points over a relatively large range of its length, through which holes the air can be withdrawn by suction. If necessary, this suction effect can also be supported by suction nozzles, as indicated in the drawmg.

Due to the aforementioned steps by means of which the axial velocity in the spinning tube 111 is substantially reduced, there is consequently also obtained a smaller loss of fibre. In order effectively to reduce this still further, it is also possible for an intercepting device to be provided in the range of the thread end 17b in the spinning tube 1b, as indicated in Figs. 9 and 10, the said device holding back the fibres extracted by suction during the spinning operation. As indicated in Fig. 9, the fibres can be retained by means of an electrostatic device indicated at 42, or even also by means of a screen 43, which is rotatably mounted at 44 about a shaft 45 and can be automatically swung out of the spinning tube 1 in order to avoid clogging of fibres during the idle travel (i.e. when no thread is spun).

Asshown in Figs. 9 and 10, the thread end 17b oscil; lates in the range of the intercepting devices 42 and 43, so that the fibres retained here are taken up by the thread end and wrap around the latter. I

By this means, any loss of fibres is practically avoided. By way of amplification, it is to be pointed out that especially with the pneumatic spinning device shown in Fig. 7, the thread is spun in the spinning tube 1b with a gentle initial twist at a low axial air velocity, and that thereafter the thread is given a very strong twist in the tube 1 and the twist chamber 33 and the final twisting therefore takes place in the latter chamber.

I claim:

1. A pneumatic spinning device comprising, in com-' 1 bination, an elongated spinning tube formed with a. bore of a given diameter; nozzle means connected to one end of said spinning tube, said nozzle means being formed relation to the axis of the latter.

,in the interior thereof .with ,a chambercommunicating with said bore and. having adiameter.substantiallyggreater than said given diameter of said bore, said nozzle'being further formed with an outlet opening of a diameter considerably smaller, than said given diameter, said outlet opening communicating with said chamber'andbeing coaxial with said bore, and an air. inlet passagetleading in tangential directiondnto said chamber; -air suction means commurn'eatingwith the other v,end of said. spinningtube; fibre feedingmeans communicatingwith said spinningtube intermediate the ends thereof for feeding loose fibres. into said tube; and yarn withdrawal means -located adjacentsaid out-let opening'for withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are'fed through -{Sfiidifibl feeding meansinto saidjspinningiube a strand, "of-fibres is formed by the actioirof saidjair suction means in the interior of thetube, which strand is twisted within the tube to a yarn by the eddy current produced' bythe tangential entrance of air through the air jinlet passa'ge in the nozzle.

2. Spinning device according to claim in which at If least two superimposedtwist chambers are provided.

I .is ,formed .by the ,saction .of s

"i in. thelnozzle.

. ing ,communicatingwith saidchamber andtbeingtcoeaxial aid hir s/notion nzeansan 'theiuterioriof'tthetube, which .strandis twisted thin e .Ithe tubeto. a yarn by: the .eddy'. currents prcduced. y.;th

tangential entrance of air through jtherair inlet ,passage 7 7. .A pneumatic tspinning deviee.comprising,. .in .com-

1bina'tion,,.an: elongated. spinning v.tubefformed with..'ahore' 'df. a given diameter; nozzle means: connected tonne tend .df i said spinning tube, said. nozzle. means .beingionned in the interior vthereof with..a chamber communicating with said bore, said chamber being-co-axial with said bore .and having a diameter substantially ,greater "than V given diameter of said bore, .said nozzle tbeing .ffur't-her .,.formed with.an outlet opening of ,a diameter considerably smaller than. said. given ..diameter, -saidoutl'et open- ;Iwithtsaidf'bore, and an air inlet passage leadingQin tan- ;gential direction into said chamber, said inlet passage having -,a cross-section substantiallyfsmaller than.the.cross- ,se ctionofsaid bore; air suction meanscommunicatiug vwith the other .end of (said spinning tube; .fibre ,Qfeedixig .means communicating with:said spinningtube interme- 3.*-Spinning device according'to claim 1, in which said fiber feeding means'includes a supply tube for the fibres which opens tangentially 'into' the spinning tube.

- 4. Spinning device according to claim 1, in which said fiber feedingmeans includes a supply tube for the fibres acute angle' in which opens into the spinning tube at an A-pneumatic spinning "device comprising, in combination, an elongated spinning tube formed with a bore of a givendiameter; nozzlemeans connected ,tojone fend of, said spinning tube, said nozzle means being'formed in the interior thereof-with a chamber communicating :with said bore, said chamber being coeaxialwith said here and having a-diameter substantially *gre'aterr'than said given diameter of said bore; said nozzle being further formed with an' outlet openingof a diameter considerably smaller than said given diameter, said outlet opening communicating with saidchamber and being co-axial with said bore, and an'air inlet-passageleading itangential direction into said chamber; air suction means communicating with the otherend of -said-'spinning"tube; -fibrefeeding means communicating with said spinning tube intermediate the endsthereof for feeding'loosefibres Iintosaid tube; and yarn'with'drawal means located ad- -jacent-said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarntherefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed throifg'h said fibre feeding means into said spinningtube-a-strand ,of fibres is formed by the action of said air suction means dutheinterior of-the tube, which 'strand'is' twisted within the tube to a yarn by the eddy currentsproduccdby the jtangential-entrance of air through the air inlet passage in the nozzle.

- 6. A pneumatic spinning device comprising, in combb nation, an elongated spinning tube iorm'edwith'afbor'e of 'a given diameter; nozzle means connected-to one end of said spinn'ingtube, said n zzlemeans-being-formed ldiate the ends thereof .for. feeding loose fibres .into. said ttube; .and :yarn withdrawal ,means 1 located adjacent said .outletopening for withdrawing ayarn'therefrom, wherelby when loose fibresar .fed throughsaid .fibre ifeeding gmeansinto .said spinning tube a strand-offibres. isl'formcd' havingadi-ameter substantially-greaterthan said given.

l'j'diameter of saidbore, saidnozzle being further formed W than outlet opening of a. diameter consider'ably:sma'llier' 'than ,said given diameter, said outlet opening corn- :munic'ating with said chamberand'being co=axial}with .saidlbore, and anair inlet passage leading lin tangential ddectidnintosaid chamber; vairsuction means communieating with "the other end of .said spinning tube; {fibre feeding. means [communicating withsaid. spinuingtube intermediate' the ends theieo'fior feeding .lodse' fibres .into

ifs dm e, said bore of said tube being nenlargerlio .a

in the interior thereof-with a chamber communicating,

"with said bore, said chamber being co-axialwith saidjbore andhaving'a diameter at least twice as large as said- ,given diameter of said bore and having a heightsmaller than its diameter, said nozzle being further formed with an outlet opening of a diameter considerably smallerthan said given diametensaid outlet opening communi eating with said chamber .and'being coaxial with said bore, and an air inletpassage'leading in'tangential direction into said chamber; air suction meansicommunieating with the other end of said spinning tubeffibre feedingmeans communicatingwith said spinning tube intermediate the. ends thereof for; feeding i' oOse fibres into s aid tube; and yarn withdrawalrmeans located adjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing Ia yarn therefrom,

whereby when loose fibres :are fed through said fibre feeding means into said spinning tube a strand of fibres fl g'er" diameter between the .point of communicationof "said 'fibre ffeeding means with .said tube 'and the other end of said tube; and yarn withdrawal means located adjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarn there-.

from, whereby when loose fibres are through sa'id .fibre feeding means ;into said .spinning tube .:a strand ot QfibresQis fOrmedlby the action of said airsuction rneans V ..in the; interior of the tube, which .ystrand is tudsted-within .the -t1ibe.to;a yarn by the eddy currents \produced lgy the tangential entrance of air through the air-.inletpassage v in theno'ZZle. v I v A pneumaticspinning device comprisin in com- ,bination, an elongated spinningtube formed with :a bore "of, a given diameter; nozzle means connected to one' end idfisaidspinriihg tube, said nozzle means being formed'zin the 'interiorthereof with a chamber communicating with said -bore and having a diameter substantially greater than ,said given diameter of said bore, said nozzlebeing fur- ,t'her "formed with anoutlet opening-of a diameter-cons'idera'bly smaller than said given diameter, said outlet iopening communicating with said chamber and beingrcoaxial with said bore, and an air inlet passage :leading 'in tangential direction, into said chamber;- compressed air 1 feeding means communicating withsaid air inlet passage .for .iding compressed air through'said air inlet passage into said chamber; air suction means communicating with the other end of said spinning tube; fibre feeding means communicating with said spinning tube intermediate the l ends thereof for feeding loose fibres into said tube; and yarn withdrawal means located adjacent said outlet opening for'withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed through said fibre feeding means bination, an elongated spinning tube formed with a bore of a given diameter; nozzle means connected to one end of said spinning tube, said nozzle means being formed in the interior thereof with a chamber communicating with saidbore and having a diameter substantially greater than said given diameter of said bore, said nozzle being further formed with an outlet opening of a diameter considerably smaller than said given diameter, said outlet opening communicating with said chamber and being coaxial with said bore, and an air inlet passage leading in tangential direction into said chamber; air suction means communicating with the other end of said spinning tube;

" fibre feeding means including a fibre feed tube communicating with said spinning tube intermediate the ends thereof for feeding loose fibres into said tube, said fibre feed tube being formed with at least one aperture therethrou'gh so that some of the air drawn by the air suction means through said spinning tube will be drawn in through said aperture in said fibre feed tube; and

yarn withdrawal means located adjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed through said fibre feeding means into 'said spinning tube a strand of fibres is formed by the action of said air suction means in the interior of the tube, which strand is twisted'within thetube' to a yarn by the eddy currents produced by the tangential entrance of air, through the air inlet passage in the nozzle.

ll. A pneumatic spinning device comprising, in combination, an elongated spinning tube formed with a bore of a given diameter; nozzle means connected to one end of said spinning tube, said nozzle means being formed in the interior thereof with a chamber communicating with said bore and having a diameter substantially greater than t said given diameter of said bore, said nozzle being further formed with an outlet opening of a diameter considerably smaller than said given diameter, said outlet opening communicating with said chamber and being co-a'xial with said bore, and an air inlet passage leading intangential direction into said chamber; compressed air "feeding means communicating with said air inlet pas- 's age for feeding compressed air through said air inlet passage into said chambenair suction means communieating with the other end of said spinning tube; fibre feeding means communicating with said spinningtube intermediate the ends thereof for feeding loose fibres into gated spinning tube and being arranged co-axially therewith and spaced therefrom, said tubular shell being closed said tube; a tubular shell surrounding saidelonat one end thereof adjacent said one end of said spin- 'ning tube and communicating at the other end'thereo'f with said air suction means, and said spinning tube being formed adjacent the entrance of said fibre feeding means into said spinning tube and in the region between said entrance and said other end of said spinning tube with (Hit a plurality of openings-providing communication between the interior of said spinning tube and the space between said spinning tube and said tubular shell; and yarn withdrawal means located adjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed through said fibre feeding means into said spinrung tube a strand of fibres is formed by the action of 'saidair-"suction means inlthe interior of the tube, which strand is twisted within the tube to a yarn by the eddy currents produced by the tangential entrance of air through the air inlet passage in the nozzle.

, 12. A pneumatic spinning device comprising, in combination, an elongated spinning tube formed with a bore of a given diameter; nozzle means connected to one end of said spinning tube, said nozzle means being formed in the interior thereof with a chamber communicating with said bore and having a diameter substantially greater than said given diameter of said bore, said nozzle being further formed with an outlet opening of a diameter conside'rably smaller than .said given diameter, said outlet opening communicating with said chamber and being co-aXial with said bore, and an air inlet passage leading in tangential direction into said chamber; compressed air feeding means communicating with said air inlet passage for feeding compressed air through said air inlet passage into said chamber; air suction means communicating with the other end of said spinning tube; fibre feeding means communicating with said spinning tube intermediate the endsthereof for feeding loose fibres into said tube; a tubular shell surrounding said elongated spirining tube and being arranged co-axially therewith and spaced therefrom, said tubular shell being closed at one end thereof adjacent said one end of said spinning tube and communicating at the other end thereof with said 'air suction means, said spinning tube being formed between said entrance of said fibre feeding means into said spinning tube and said nozzle with an annular gap providing communication between the interior of said spinning'. tube and the space between said spinning tube and saidtubular shell; and yarn withdrawal means located vadjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed through said fibre feeding means into said spinning tube a strand of fibres is formed by the action of said air suction means in the interior of the tube, which strand is twisted within the tube to a yarn by the eddy currents produced by' the tangential entrance of air ttrough the air inlet passage in thenozzle.

13. A pneumatic spinning device comprising, in comsaid outlet opening communicating with said chamber :and being co-axial with said bore, and an air inlet passage leading in tangential direction into said chamber;

air suction means communicating with the other end of said'spinning tube; fibre feeding means communicating with said spinning tube intermediate the ends thereof for feeding loose fibres into said tube; intercepting means -lo- 'cated in said elongated spinning tube between said other end thereof and said fibre feeding means for preventing passage of fibres beyond said intercepting means into said air suction means; and yarn withdrawal means 10- cated adjacent said outlet opening for withdrawing a yarn therefrom, whereby when loose fibres are fed through said fibre feeding means into said spinning tube a strand of fibres is formed by the action of said air suction means in the interior of the tube, which strand is twisted within the tube to a yarn by the eddy currents produced by the itangential entrance of air through the air inlet'passage in the nozzle.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,500,931 Hooper July 8,1924 2,451,504, Mayo Oct. 19, 1948 

